from sympy.physics.quantum import *
from sympy.physics.quantum.cartesian import *
from sympy.physics.quantum.operator import *
from sympy.physics.quantum.state import *
from sympy import *
from sympy.core.relational import *
from sympy.physics.units import *
from sympy.abc import a, b, x, y, z, t, alpha, n, theta, h, f, lamda

dotSym = Symbol('.')
display(dotSym)

$\displaystyle .$

a_1, a_2, a_3, a_n_1, a_n = symbols('a_1 a_2 a_3 a_n-1 a_n')
display(a_1, a_2, a_3, a_n_1, a_n) 

$\displaystyle a_{1}$

$\displaystyle a_{2}$

$\displaystyle a_{3}$

$\displaystyle a_{n-1}$

$\displaystyle a_{n}$

b_1, b_2, b_3 = symbols('b_1 b_2 b_3')
display(b_1, b_2, b_3)

$\displaystyle b_{1}$

$\displaystyle b_{2}$

$\displaystyle b_{3}$

c_1, c_2, c_3 = symbols('c_1 c_2 c_3')
display(c_1, c_2, c_3)

$\displaystyle c_{1}$

$\displaystyle c_{2}$

$\displaystyle c_{3}$

ketA = Ket('a')
display(ketA)

$\displaystyle {\left|a\right\rangle }$

ketAExpanded = Matrix((a_1, a_2, a_3, dotSym,  dotSym, dotSym, a_n_1, a_n ))
display(ketAExpanded)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}a_{1}\\a_{2}\\a_{3}\\.\\.\\.\\a_{n-1}\\a_{n}\end{matrix}\right]$

braA = Bra('a')
display(braA)

$\displaystyle {\left\langle a\right|}$

braAExpanded = Dagger(ketAExpanded)
display(braAExpanded)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}\overline{a_{1}} & \overline{a_{2}} & \overline{a_{3}} & \overline{.} & \overline{.} & \overline{.} & \overline{a_{n-1}} & \overline{a_{n}}\end{matrix}\right]$

comp = Eq(z, x + I*y)
display(comp)

$\displaystyle z = x + i y$

iValue = Eq(I, sqrt(-1, evaluate = False), evaluate = False)
display(iValue)

$\displaystyle i = \sqrt{-1}$

modOfZ = Eq(Abs(z)**2, x**2 + y**2)
display(modOfZ)

$\displaystyle \left|{z}\right|^{2} = x^{2} + y^{2}$

display(conjugate(z))
display(conjugate( x + I*y))

compconj = Eq(conjugate(z),conjugate( x + I*y))
display(compconj)

$\displaystyle \overline{z}$

$\displaystyle \overline{x} - i \overline{y}$

$\displaystyle \overline{z} = \overline{x} - i \overline{y}$

zxzconj = (x + I*y) * conjugate(x + I*y)
display(zxzconj)

$\displaystyle \left(x + i y\right) \left(\overline{x} - i \overline{y}\right)$

ketB = Ket('b')
ketC = Ket('c')

ketAExpanded = Matrix((a_1, a_2, a_3))
display(ketAExpanded)
ketBExpanded = Matrix((b_1, b_2, b_3))
display(ketBExpanded)
ketCExpanded = Matrix((c_1, c_2, c_3))
display(ketCExpanded)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}a_{1}\\a_{2}\\a_{3}\end{matrix}\right]$

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}b_{1}\\b_{2}\\b_{3}\end{matrix}\right]$

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}c_{1}\\c_{2}\\c_{3}\end{matrix}\right]$

braB = Bra('b')
display(braB)
braC = Bra('c')
display(braC)

$\displaystyle {\left\langle b\right|}$

$\displaystyle {\left\langle c\right|}$

braAExpanded = Dagger(Matrix((a_1, a_2, a_3)))
display(braAExpanded)

braBExpanded = Dagger(Matrix((b_1, b_2, b_3)))
display(braBExpanded)

braCExpanded = Dagger(Matrix((c_1, c_2, c_3)))
display(braCExpanded)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}\overline{a_{1}} & \overline{a_{2}} & \overline{a_{3}}\end{matrix}\right]$

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}\overline{b_{1}} & \overline{b_{2}} & \overline{b_{3}}\end{matrix}\right]$

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}\overline{c_{1}} & \overline{c_{2}} & \overline{c_{3}}\end{matrix}\right]$

addOfKets = Eq(ketA + ketB, ketC) display(addOfKets)

addOfKetsExpanded = Eq(ketAExpanded + ketBExpanded, ketCExpanded)
display(addOfKetsExpanded)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}a_{1} + b_{1}\\a_{2} + b_{2}\\a_{3} + b_{3}\end{matrix}\right] = \left[\begin{matrix}c_{1}\\c_{2}\\c_{3}\end{matrix}\right]$

mulOfKets = Eq(alpha * ketA, ketC)
display(mulOfKets)

$\displaystyle \alpha {\left|a\right\rangle } = {\left|c\right\rangle }$

mulOfKetsExpanded = Eq(alpha * ketAExpanded, ketCExpanded)
display(mulOfKetsExpanded)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}a_{1} \alpha\\a_{2} \alpha\\a_{3} \alpha\end{matrix}\right] = \left[\begin{matrix}c_{1}\\c_{2}\\c_{3}\end{matrix}\right]$

inprodOfAB = InnerProduct(braA, ketB)
display(inprodOfAB)

$\displaystyle \left\langle a \right. {\left|b\right\rangle }$

inprodOfABExpanded = braAExpanded * ketBExpanded
display(inprodOfABExpanded)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}b_{1} \overline{a_{1}} + b_{2} \overline{a_{2}} + b_{3} \overline{a_{3}}\end{matrix}\right]$

inprodOfAB = Eq(InnerProduct(braA, ketB), inprodOfABExpanded, evaluate = False)
display(inprodOfAB)

$\displaystyle \left\langle a \right. {\left|b\right\rangle } = \left[\begin{matrix}b_{1} \overline{a_{1}} + b_{2} \overline{a_{2}} + b_{3} \overline{a_{3}}\end{matrix}\right]$

inprodOfBA = InnerProduct(braB, ketA)
display(inprodOfBA)

$\displaystyle \left\langle b \right. {\left|a\right\rangle }$

inprodOfBAExpanded = braBExpanded * ketAExpanded
display(inprodOfBAExpanded)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}a_{1} \overline{b_{1}} + a_{2} \overline{b_{2}} + a_{3} \overline{b_{3}}\end{matrix}\right]$

inprodOfBA = Eq(InnerProduct(braB, ketA), inprodOfBAExpanded, evaluate = False)
display(inprodOfBA)

$\displaystyle \left\langle b \right. {\left|a\right\rangle } = \left[\begin{matrix}a_{1} \overline{b_{1}} + a_{2} \overline{b_{2}} + a_{3} \overline{b_{3}}\end{matrix}\right]$

inprodOfBAconj = Eq(conjugate(InnerProduct(braB, ketA)), conjugate(inprodOfBAExpanded), evaluate = False)
display(inprodOfBAconj)

$\displaystyle \left\langle a \right. {\left|b\right\rangle } = \left[\begin{matrix}b_{1} \overline{a_{1}} + b_{2} \overline{a_{2}} + b_{3} \overline{a_{3}}\end{matrix}\right]$

display(inprodOfBAconj == inprodOfAB)

True

M = MatrixSymbol('M', 3, 3)
display(M)

$\displaystyle M$

MExpanded = Matrix(M)
display(MExpanded)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{array}{ccc}M_{0, 0} & M_{0, 1} & M_{0, 2}\\M_{1, 0} & M_{1, 1} & M_{1, 2}\\M_{2, 0} & M_{2, 1} & M_{2, 2}\end{array}\right]$

MExpandedConj = conjugate(MExpanded)
display(MExpandedConj)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}\overline{M_{0, 0}} & \overline{M_{0, 1}} & \overline{M_{0, 2}}\\\overline{M_{1, 0}} & \overline{M_{1, 1}} & \overline{M_{1, 2}}\\\overline{M_{2, 0}} & \overline{M_{2, 1}} & \overline{M_{2, 2}}\end{matrix}\right]$

MExpandedTranspose = transpose(MExpanded)
display(MExpandedTranspose)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}M_{0, 0} & M_{1, 0} & M_{2, 0}\\M_{0, 1} & M_{1, 1} & M_{2, 1}\\M_{0, 2} & M_{1, 2} & M_{2, 2}\end{matrix}\right]$

MExpandedDagger = Dagger(MExpanded)
display(MExpandedDagger)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}\overline{M_{0, 0}} & \overline{M_{1, 0}} & \overline{M_{2, 0}}\\\overline{M_{0, 1}} & \overline{M_{1, 1}} & \overline{M_{2, 1}}\\\overline{M_{0, 2}} & \overline{M_{1, 2}} & \overline{M_{2, 2}}\end{matrix}\right]$

M = Matrix([[1, 1 + I],[1 - I, 3]])
display(M)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}1 & 1 + i\\1 - i & 3\end{matrix}\right]$

MDagger = Dagger(Matrix([[1, 1 + I],[1 - I, 3]]))
display(MDagger)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}1 & 1 + i\\1 - i & 3\end{matrix}\right]$

display(M == MDagger)

True

M = MatrixSymbol('M', 2, 2)
display(M)

$\displaystyle M$

MExpanded = Matrix(M)
display(MExpanded)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{array}{cc}M_{0, 0} & M_{0, 1}\\M_{1, 0} & M_{1, 1}\end{array}\right]$

ketAExpanded = Matrix(ketAExpanded[:2])
display(ketAExpanded)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}a_{1}\\a_{2}\end{matrix}\right]$

M = symbols('M')

prodOfMKetA = Eq((M * ketA), MExpanded * ketAExpanded, evaluate = False)
display(prodOfMKetA)

$\displaystyle M {\left|a\right\rangle } = \left[\begin{matrix}a_{1} M_{0, 0} + a_{2} M_{0, 1}\\a_{1} M_{1, 0} + a_{2} M_{1, 1}\end{matrix}\right]$

M = MatrixSymbol('M', 2, 2)
display(M)

$\displaystyle M$

i = MatrixSymbol('I', 3, 3)
iExpanded = Identity(3).as_explicit()

iMatrix = Eq(i, iExpanded, evaluate = False)
display(iMatrix)

$\displaystyle I = \left[\begin{matrix}1 & 0 & 0\\0 & 1 & 0\\0 & 0 & 1\end{matrix}\right]$

U = MatrixSymbol('U', n, n)

term1 = U * Dagger(U) 
term2 = iExpanded
term3 = Eq(term1, term2, evaluate = False)
display(term1)
display(term2)
display(term3)

display(term1 == term2)

$\displaystyle U U^{\dagger}$

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}1 & 0 & 0\\0 & 1 & 0\\0 & 0 & 1\end{matrix}\right]$

$\displaystyle U U^{\dagger} = \left[\begin{matrix}1 & 0 & 0\\0 & 1 & 0\\0 & 0 & 1\end{matrix}\right]$

False

prodOfUUDagger =  Eq(U * Dagger(U), iExpanded, evaluate = False)
display(prodOfUUDagger)

$\displaystyle U U^{\dagger} = \left[\begin{matrix}1 & 0 & 0\\0 & 1 & 0\\0 & 0 & 1\end{matrix}\right]$

U = UnitaryOperator('U')
display(U)

$\displaystyle U$

U * Dagger(U)

$\displaystyle 1$

Identity(3).as_explicit()

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}1 & 0 & 0\\0 & 1 & 0\\0 & 0 & 1\end{matrix}\right]$

U * Dagger(U) == Identity(3).as_explicit()

False

M = MatrixSymbol('M', 2, 2)
display(M)

$\displaystyle M$

MExpanded = Matrix(M)
display(MExpanded)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{array}{cc}M_{0, 0} & M_{0, 1}\\M_{1, 0} & M_{1, 1}\end{array}\right]$

Det = symbols('Det')

detOfM = Eq(Determinant(M), Determinant(MExpanded), evaluate = False)
display(detOfM)

$\displaystyle \left|{M}\right| = \left|{\left[\begin{matrix}M_{0, 0} & M_{0, 1}\\M_{1, 0} & M_{1, 1}\end{matrix}\right]}\right|$

i = MatrixSymbol('I', 2, 2)
iExpanded = Identity(2).as_explicit()

detOfI = Eq(Eq(Determinant(i), Determinant(iExpanded)), iExpanded.det(), evaluate = False)
display(detOfI)

$\displaystyle \left|{I}\right| = \left|{\left[\begin{matrix}1 & 0\\0 & 1\end{matrix}\right]}\right| = 1$

traceOfM = Eq(Eq(Trace(i), Trace(MExpanded)), trace(MExpanded), evaluate = False)
display(traceOfM)

$\displaystyle \operatorname{tr}\left(I \right) = \operatorname{tr}\left(\left[\begin{matrix}M_{0, 0} & M_{0, 1}\\M_{1, 0} & M_{1, 1}\end{matrix}\right] \right) = M_{0, 0} + M_{1, 1}$

H = HermitianOperator('H')
lambdaA = symbols('lambda_a')
lambdaB = symbols('lambda_b')

mostImportantEqOfA = Eq(H * ketA, lambdaA * ketA)
display(mostImportantEqOfA)

$\displaystyle H {\left|a\right\rangle } = \lambda_{a} {\left|a\right\rangle }$

mostImportantEqOfB = Eq(H * ketB, lambdaB * ketB)
display(mostImportantEqOfB)

$\displaystyle H {\left|b\right\rangle } = \lambda_{b} {\left|b\right\rangle }$

probabilityOfPolorisation = cos(theta)**2
display(probabilityOfPolorisation)

$\displaystyle \cos^{2}{\left(\theta \right)}$

intensity, eField = symbols('I E')

intensityOfRadiation = Eq(intensity, eField**2) 
display(intensityOfRadiation)

$\displaystyle I = E^{2}$

eFieldExpanded = Eq(eField, h*f)
display(eFieldExpanded)

$\displaystyle E = f h$

ketX = XKet()
ketY = Ket(y)
braX = XBra()
braY = Bra(y)

ketXExpanded = Matrix([[1],[0]])
display(ketXExpanded)
braXExpanded = conjugate(ketXExpanded.T)
display(braXExpanded)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}1\\0\end{matrix}\right]$

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}1 & 0\end{matrix}\right]$

valOfKetX = Eq(ketX, ketXExpanded, evaluate = False)
display(valOfKetX)
valOfBraX = Eq(braX, braXExpanded, evaluate = False)
display(valOfBraX)

$\displaystyle {\left|x\right\rangle } = \left[\begin{matrix}1\\0\end{matrix}\right]$

$\displaystyle {\left\langle x\right|} = \left[\begin{matrix}1 & 0\end{matrix}\right]$

ketYExpanded = Matrix([[0],[1]])
display(ketYExpanded)
braYExpanded = conjugate(ketYExpanded.T)
display(braYExpanded)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}0\\1\end{matrix}\right]$

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}0 & 1\end{matrix}\right]$

valOfKetY = Eq(ketY, ketYExpanded, evaluate = False)
display(valOfKetY)
valOfBraY = Eq(braY, braYExpanded, evaluate = False)
display(valOfBraY)

$\displaystyle {\left|y\right\rangle } = \left[\begin{matrix}0\\1\end{matrix}\right]$

$\displaystyle {\left\langle y\right|} = \left[\begin{matrix}0 & 1\end{matrix}\right]$

absOfXY = Eq(Abs(InnerProduct(braX, ketY), evaluate = False)**2, Abs(InnerProduct(braX, ketY))**2)
display(absOfXY)

$\displaystyle \left|{\left\langle x \right. {\left|y\right\rangle }}\right|^{2} = \left\langle y \right. {\left|x\right\rangle } \left\langle x \right. {\left|y\right\rangle }$

innerprodOfXY = Eq(Eq(Abs(InnerProduct(braX, ketY))**2,
                      Abs(MatMul(braXExpanded, ketYExpanded), evaluate = False)**2,
                      evaluate = False), 
                   Abs(braXExpanded * ketYExpanded)**2, 
                   evaluate = False)
display(innerprodOfXY)

$\displaystyle \left\langle y \right. {\left|x\right\rangle } \left\langle x \right. {\left|y\right\rangle } = \left|{\left[\begin{matrix}1 & 0\end{matrix}\right] \left[\begin{matrix}0\\1\end{matrix}\right]}\right|^{2} = \left[\begin{matrix}0\end{matrix}\right]$

innerprodOfXX = Eq(Eq(Abs(InnerProduct(braX, ketX))**2,
                      Abs(MatMul(braXExpanded, ketXExpanded), evaluate = False)**2,
                      evaluate = False), 
                   Abs(braXExpanded * ketXExpanded)**2, 
                   evaluate = False)
display(innerprodOfXX)

$\displaystyle \left|{\left\langle x \right. {\left|x\right\rangle }}\right|^{2} = \left|{\left[\begin{matrix}1 & 0\end{matrix}\right] \left[\begin{matrix}1\\0\end{matrix}\right]}\right|^{2} = \left[\begin{matrix}1\end{matrix}\right]$

innerprodOfYY = Eq(Eq(Abs(InnerProduct(braY, ketY))**2,
                      Abs(MatMul(braYExpanded, ketYExpanded), evaluate = False)**2,
                      evaluate = False), 
                   Abs(braYExpanded * ketYExpanded)**2, 
                   evaluate = False)
display(innerprodOfYY)

$\displaystyle \left|{\left\langle y \right. {\left|y\right\rangle }}\right|^{2} = \left|{\left[\begin{matrix}0 & 1\end{matrix}\right] \left[\begin{matrix}0\\1\end{matrix}\right]}\right|^{2} = \left[\begin{matrix}1\end{matrix}\right]$

HPlus = HermitianOperator('H_+')

HPlusExpanded = Matrix([[1, 0],[0, -1]])
display(HPlusExpanded)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}1 & 0\\0 & -1\end{matrix}\right]$

measurement1 = Eq(HPlus * ketX, lamda * ketX)
display(measurement1)

$\displaystyle H_{+} {\left|x\right\rangle } = \lambda {\left|x\right\rangle }$

measurement1solve = Eq(HPlusExpanded * ketXExpanded, lamda * ketX, evaluate = False)
display(measurement1solve)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}1\\0\end{matrix}\right] = \lambda {\left|x\right\rangle }$

valOfLambdaViaM1 = Eq(lamda, 1)
display(valOfLambdaViaM1)

$\displaystyle \lambda = 1$

measurement2 = Eq(HPlus * ketY, lamda * ketY)
display(measurement2)

$\displaystyle H_{+} {\left|y\right\rangle } = \lambda {\left|y\right\rangle }$

measurement2solve = Eq(HPlusExpanded * ketYExpanded, lamda * ketY, evaluate = False)
display(measurement2solve)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}0\\-1\end{matrix}\right] = \lambda {\left|y\right\rangle }$

valOfLambdaViaM2 = Eq(lamda, -1)
display(valOfLambdaViaM2)

$\displaystyle \lambda = -1$

ket45 = Ket(45*degree)
display(ket45)
bra45 = Bra(45*degree)
display(bra45)

$\displaystyle {\left|45 ^\circ\right\rangle }$

$\displaystyle {\left\langle 45 ^\circ\right|}$

ket45Expanded = ketXExpanded + ketYExpanded
display(ket45Expanded)
bra45Expanded = ket45Expanded.T
display(bra45Expanded)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}1\\1\end{matrix}\right]$

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}1 & 1\end{matrix}\right]$

valOfKet45 = Eq(Eq(ket45,
                      ketX + ketY,
                      evaluate = False), 
                   ket45Expanded,
                   evaluate = False)
display(valOfKet45)

$\displaystyle {\left|45 ^\circ\right\rangle } = {\left|y\right\rangle } + {\left|x\right\rangle } = \left[\begin{matrix}1\\1\end{matrix}\right]$

innerprodOf4545 = Eq(Eq(Abs(InnerProduct(bra45, ket45), evaluate = False)**2,
                      Abs(MatMul(bra45Expanded, ket45Expanded), evaluate = False)**2,
                      evaluate = False), 
                   Abs(bra45Expanded * ket45Expanded)**2, 
                   evaluate = False)
display(innerprodOf4545)

$\displaystyle \left|{\left\langle 45 ^\circ \right. {\left|45 ^\circ\right\rangle }}\right|^{2} = \left|{\left[\begin{matrix}1 & 1\end{matrix}\right] \left[\begin{matrix}1\\1\end{matrix}\right]}\right|^{2} = \left[\begin{matrix}4\end{matrix}\right]$

ket45Expanded = ketXExpanded/sqrt(2) + ketYExpanded/sqrt(2)
display(ket45Expanded)
bra45Expanded = conjugate(ket45Expanded.T)
display(bra45Expanded)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\\\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\end{matrix}\right]$

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} & \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\end{matrix}\right]$

innerprodOf4545 = Eq(Eq(Abs(InnerProduct(bra45, ket45), evaluate = False)**2,
                      Abs(MatMul(bra45Expanded, ket45Expanded), evaluate = False)**2,
                      evaluate = False), 
                   Abs(bra45Expanded * ket45Expanded)**2, 
                   evaluate = False)
display(innerprodOf4545)

$\displaystyle \left|{\left\langle 45 ^\circ \right. {\left|45 ^\circ\right\rangle }}\right|^{2} = \left|{\left[\begin{matrix}\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} & \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\end{matrix}\right] \left[\begin{matrix}\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\\\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\end{matrix}\right]}\right|^{2} = \left[\begin{matrix}1\end{matrix}\right]$

ket135 = Ket(135*degree)
display(ket135)
bra135 = Bra(135*degree)
display(bra135)

$\displaystyle {\left|135 ^\circ\right\rangle }$

$\displaystyle {\left\langle 135 ^\circ\right|}$

ket135Expanded = ketXExpanded/sqrt(2) - ketYExpanded/sqrt(2)
display(ket135Expanded)
bra135Expanded = conjugate(ket135Expanded.T)
display(bra135Expanded)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\\- \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\end{matrix}\right]$

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} & - \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\end{matrix}\right]$

innerprodOf13545 = Eq(Eq(Abs(InnerProduct(bra135, ket45), evaluate = False)**2,
                      Abs(MatMul(bra135Expanded, ket45Expanded), evaluate = False)**2,
                      evaluate = False), 
                   Abs(bra135Expanded * ket45Expanded)**2, 
                   evaluate = False)
display(innerprodOf13545)

$\displaystyle \left|{\left\langle 135 ^\circ \right. {\left|45 ^\circ\right\rangle }}\right|^{2} = \left|{\left[\begin{matrix}\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} & - \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\end{matrix}\right] \left[\begin{matrix}\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\\\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\end{matrix}\right]}\right|^{2} = \left[\begin{matrix}0\end{matrix}\right]$

innerprodOf45Y = Eq(Eq(Abs(InnerProduct(bra45, ketY), evaluate = False)**2,
                      Abs(MatMul(bra45Expanded, ketYExpanded), evaluate = False)**2,
                      evaluate = False), 
                   Abs(bra45Expanded * ketYExpanded)**2, 
                   evaluate = False)
display(innerprodOf45Y)

$\displaystyle \left|{\left\langle 45 ^\circ \right. {\left|y\right\rangle }}\right|^{2} = \left|{\left[\begin{matrix}\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} & \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\end{matrix}\right] \left[\begin{matrix}0\\1\end{matrix}\right]}\right|^{2} = \left[\begin{matrix}\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right]$

# cross = symbols(r'\times')
HCross = HermitianOperator(r'H_\times')

HCrossExpanded = Matrix([[0, 1],[1, 0]])
display(HCrossExpanded)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}0 & 1\\1 & 0\end{matrix}\right]$

measurement1 = Eq(HCross * ket45, lamda * ket45)
display(measurement1)

$\displaystyle H_\times {\left|45 ^\circ\right\rangle } = \lambda {\left|45 ^\circ\right\rangle }$

measurement1solve = Eq(HCrossExpanded * ket45Expanded, lamda * ket45, evaluate = False)
display(measurement1solve)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\\\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\end{matrix}\right] = \lambda {\left|45 ^\circ\right\rangle }$

valOfLambdaViaM1 = Eq(lamda, 1)
display(valOfLambdaViaM1)

$\displaystyle \lambda = 1$

measurement2 = Eq(HCross * ket135, lamda * ket135)
display(measurement2)

$\displaystyle H_\times {\left|135 ^\circ\right\rangle } = \lambda {\left|135 ^\circ\right\rangle }$

measurement2solve = Eq(HCrossExpanded * ket135Expanded, lamda * ket135, evaluate = False)
display(measurement2solve)

$\displaystyle \left[\begin{matrix}- \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\\\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\end{matrix}\right] = \lambda {\left|135 ^\circ\right\rangle }$

valOfLambdaViaM2 = Eq(lamda, -1)
display(valOfLambdaViaM2)

$\displaystyle \lambda = -1$